提示工程模式

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-model-anthropic</artifactId>
</dependency>

.options(ChatOptions.builder()
        .model("claude-3-7-sonnet-latest")  // 使用 Anthropic 的 Claude 模型
        .build())

.options(ChatOptions.builder()
        .temperature(0.1)  // 非常确定性的输出
        .build())

.options(ChatOptions.builder()
        .maxTokens(250)  // 中等长度输出
        .build())

.options(ChatOptions.builder()
        .topK(40)      // 只考虑概率最高的 40 个 token
        .topP(0.8)     // 从覆盖 80% 概率质量的 token 中采样
        .build())

enum Sentiment {
    POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, NEGATIVE
}

Sentiment result = chatClient.prompt("...")
        .call()
        .entity(Sentiment.class);

// 示例：OpenAI 的模型特定选项
OpenAiChatOptions openAiOptions = OpenAiChatOptions.builder()
        .model("gpt-4o")
        .temperature(0.2)
        .frequencyPenalty(0.5)      // OpenAI 特有参数
        .presencePenalty(0.3)       // OpenAI 特有参数
        .responseFormat(new ResponseFormat("json_object")) // OpenAI JSON 模式
        .seed(42)                   // OpenAI 特有的确定性生成
        .build();

String result = chatClient.prompt("...")
        .options(openAiOptions)
        .call()
        .content();
        
// 例：Anthropic 的模型特定选项
AnthropicChatOptions anthropicOptions = AnthropicChatOptions.builder()
        .model("claude-3-7-sonnet-latest")
        .temperature(0.2)
        .topK(40)                   // Anthropic 特有参数
        .thinking(AnthropicApi.ThinkingType.ENABLED, 1000)  // Anthropic 思维链配置
        .build();

String result = chatClient.prompt("...")
        .options(anthropicOptions)
        .call()
        .content();

// 第 2.1 节：通用提示 / 零样本（第 15 页）
public void pt_zero_shot(ChatClient chatClient) {
    enum Sentiment {
        POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, NEGATIVE
    }

    Sentiment reviewSentiment = chatClient.prompt("""
            Classify movie reviews as POSITIVE, NEUTRAL or NEGATIVE.
            Review: "Her" is a disturbing study revealing the direction
            humanity is headed if AI is allowed to keep evolving,
            unchecked. I wish there were more movies like this masterpiece.
            Sentiment:
            """)
            .options(ChatOptions.builder()
                    .model("claude-3-7-sonnet-latest")
                    .temperature(0.1)
                    .maxTokens(5)
                    .build())
            .call()
            .entity(Sentiment.class);

    System.out.println("Output: " + reviewSentiment);
}

// 第 2.2 节：一样本 & 少样本（第 16 页）
public void pt_one_shot_few_shots(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String pizzaOrder = chatClient.prompt("""
            Parse a customer's pizza order into valid JSON

            EXAMPLE 1:
            I want a small pizza with cheese, tomato sauce, and pepperoni.
            JSON Response:
            ```
            {
                "size": "small",
                "type": "normal",
                "ingredients": ["cheese", "tomato sauce", "pepperoni"]
            }
            ```

            EXAMPLE 2:
            Can I get a large pizza with tomato sauce, basil and mozzarella.
            JSON Response:
            ```
            {
                "size": "large",
                "type": "normal",
                "ingredients": ["tomato sauce", "basil", "mozzarella"]
            }
            ```

            Now, I would like a large pizza, with the first half cheese and mozzarella.
            And the other tomato sauce, ham and pineapple.
            """)
            .options(ChatOptions.builder()
                    .model("claude-3-7-sonnet-latest")
                    .temperature(0.1)
                    .maxTokens(250)
                    .build())
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 第 2.3.1 节实现：系统提示
public void pt_system_prompting_1(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String movieReview = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .system("Classify movie reviews as positive, neutral or negative. Only return the label in uppercase.")
            .user("""
                    Review: "Her" is a disturbing study revealing the direction
                    humanity is headed if AI is allowed to keep evolving,
                    unchecked. It's so disturbing I couldn't watch it.

                    Sentiment:
                    """)
            .options(ChatOptions.builder()
                    .model("claude-3-7-sonnet-latest")
                    .temperature(1.0)
                    .topK(40)
                    .topP(0.8)
                    .maxTokens(5)
                    .build())
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 第 2.3.1 节实现：带 JSON 输出的系统提示
record MovieReviews(Movie[] movie_reviews) {
    enum Sentiment {
        POSITIVE, NEUTRAL, NEGATIVE
    }

    record Movie(Sentiment sentiment, String name) {
    }
}

MovieReviews movieReviews = chatClient
        .prompt()
        .system("""
                Classify movie reviews as positive, neutral or negative. Return
                valid JSON.
                """)
        .user("""
                Review: "Her" is a disturbing study revealing the direction
                humanity is headed if AI is allowed to keep evolving,
                unchecked. It's so disturbing I couldn't watch it.

                JSON Response:
                """)
        .call()
        .entity(MovieReviews.class);

// 第 2.3.2 节实现：角色提示
public void pt_role_prompting_1(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String travelSuggestions = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .system("""
                    I want you to act as a travel guide. I will write to you
                    about my location and you will suggest 3 places to visit near
                    me. In some cases, I will also give you the type of places I
                    will visit.
                    """)
            .user("""
                    My suggestion: "I am in Amsterdam and I want to visit only museums."
                    Travel Suggestions:
                    """)
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 第 2.3.2 节实现：带风格指令的角色提示
public void pt_role_prompting_2(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String humorousTravelSuggestions = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .system("""
                    I want you to act as a travel guide. I will write to you about
                    my location and you will suggest 3 places to visit near me in
                    a humorous style.
                    """)
            .user("""
                    My suggestion: "I am in Amsterdam and I want to visit only museums."
                    Travel Suggestions:
                    """)
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 第 2.3.3 节实现：上下文提示
public void pt_contextual_prompting(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String articleSuggestions = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .user(u -> u.text("""
                    Suggest 3 topics to write an article about with a few lines of
                    description of what this article should contain.

                    Context: {context}
                    """)
                    .param("context", "You are writing for a blog about retro 80's arcade video games."))
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.4 节：Step-back prompting
public void pt_step_back_prompting(ChatClient.Builder chatClientBuilder) {
    // 为 chat client 设置通用选项
    var chatClient = chatClientBuilder
            .defaultOptions(ChatOptions.builder()
                    .model("claude-3-7-sonnet-latest")
                    .temperature(1.0)
                    .topK(40)
                    .topP(0.8)
                    .maxTokens(1024)
                    .build())
            .build();

    // 首先获取高层概念
    String stepBack = chatClient
            .prompt("""
                    基于流行的第一人称射击动作游戏，列出
                    5 个虚构的关键场景，这些场景有助于构建
                    一个具有挑战性且引人入胜的关卡故事线。
                    """)
            .call()
            .content();

    // 然后在主要任务中使用这些概念
    String story = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .user(u -> u.text("""
                    为一个新的第一人称射击游戏关卡写一段
                    一段式的故事线，使其具有挑战性且引人入胜。

                    上下文：{step-back}
                    """)
                    .param("step-back", stepBack))
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.5 节：Chain of Thought（CoT）——零样本方法
public void pt_chain_of_thought_zero_shot(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String output = chatClient
            .prompt("""
                    当我 3 岁时，我的伴侣是我年龄的 3 倍。现在，
                    我 20 岁了。我的伴侣现在几岁？

                    让我们一步一步来思考。
                    """)
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.5 节：Chain of Thought（CoT）——少样本方法
public void pt_chain_of_thought_singleshot_fewshots(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String output = chatClient
            .prompt("""
                    Q: 当我弟弟 2 岁时，我的年龄是他的两倍。现在
                    我 40 岁了。我弟弟现在几岁？让我们一步一步思考。
                    A: 当我弟弟 2 岁时，我是 2 * 2 = 4 岁。
                    这是一个 2 岁的年龄差，我比他大。现在我 40 岁，
                    所以我弟弟是 40 - 2 = 38 岁。答案是 38。
                    Q: 当我 3 岁时，我的伴侣是我年龄的 3 倍。现在，
                    我 20 岁了。我的伴侣现在几岁？让我们一步一步思考。
                    A:
                    """)
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.6 节：Self-consistency
public void pt_self_consistency(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String email = """
            Hi,
            I have seen you use Wordpress for your website. A great open
            source content management system. I have used it in the past
            too. It comes with lots of great user plugins. And it's pretty
            easy to set up.
            I did notice a bug in the contact form, which happens when
            you select the name field. See the attached screenshot of me
            entering text in the name field. Notice the JavaScript alert
            box that I inv0k3d.
            But for the rest it's a great website. I enjoy reading it. Feel
            free to leave the bug in the website, because it gives me more
            interesting things to read.
            Cheers,
            Harry the Hacker.
            """;

    record EmailClassification(Classification classification, String reasoning) {
        enum Classification {
            IMPORTANT, NOT_IMPORTANT
        }
    }

    int importantCount = 0;
    int notImportantCount = 0;

    // 以相同输入运行模型 5 次
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        EmailClassification output = chatClient
                .prompt()
                .user(u -> u.text("""
                        Email: {email}
                        将上述邮件分类为 IMPORTANT 或 NOT IMPORTANT。
                        让我们一步一步思考并解释原因。
                        """)
                        .param("email", email))
                .options(ChatOptions.builder()
                        .temperature(1.0)  // 更高温度以增加多样性
                        .build())
                .call()
                .entity(EmailClassification.class);

        // 统计结果
        if (output.classification() == EmailClassification.Classification.IMPORTANT) {
            importantCount++;
        } else {
            notImportantCount++;
        }
    }

    // 通过多数投票确定最终分类
    String finalClassification = importantCount > notImportantCount ?
            "IMPORTANT" : "NOT IMPORTANT";
}

// 实现第 2.7 节：Tree of Thoughts（ToT）——棋局求解示例
public void pt_tree_of_thoughts_game(ChatClient chatClient) {
    // 步骤 1：生成多个初始走法
    String initialMoves = chatClient
            .prompt("""
                    你正在下国际象棋。棋盘处于起始位置。
                    生成 3 个不同的开局走法。对于每个走法：
                    1. 用代数符号描述该走法
                    2. 解释该走法背后的战略思路
                    3. 对走法强度进行 1-10 评分
                    """)
            .options(ChatOptions.builder()
                    .temperature(0.7)
                    .build())
            .call()
            .content();

    // 步骤 2：评估并选择最有前景的走法
    String bestMove = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .user(u -> u.text("""
                    分析这些开局走法并选择最强的一步：
                    {moves}

                    逐步解释你的推理，考虑：
                    1. 棋盘控制
                    2. 发展潜力
                    3. 长期战略优势

                    然后选择唯一的最佳走法。
                    """).param("moves", initialMoves))
            .call()
            .content();

    // 步骤 3：从最佳走法探索未来棋局
    String gameProjection = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .user(u -> u.text("""
                    基于所选开局走法：
                    {best_move}

                    预测双方接下来的 3 步走法。对于每个可能的分支：
                    1. 描述走法及应对走法
                    2. 评估 resulting 棋局
                    3. 确定最有前景的延续

                    最后，确定最有利的走法序列。
                    """).param("best_move", bestMove))
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.8 节：Automatic Prompt Engineering
public void pt_automatic_prompt_engineering(ChatClient chatClient) {
    // 生成同一请求的不同变体
    String orderVariants = chatClient
            .prompt("""
                    我们有一个乐队周边 T 恤网店，为训练聊天机器人，
                    我们需要多种下单方式，例如：“一件 Metallica S 码 T 恤”。
                    生成 10 个变体，语义相同，但保持原意。
                    """)
            .options(ChatOptions.builder()
                    .temperature(1.0)  // 高温度以增加创造性
                    .build())
            .call()
            .content();

    // 评估并选择最佳变体
    String output = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .user(u -> u.text("""
                    请对以下变体进行 BLEU（双语评估）评分：
                    ----
                    {variants}
                    ----

                    选择评分最高的指令候选。
                    """).param("variants", orderVariants))
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.9.1 节：编写代码的提示
public void pt_code_prompting_writing_code(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String bashScript = chatClient
            .prompt("""
                    编写一个 Bash 代码片段，提示输入文件夹名称。
                    然后对该文件夹中的所有文件进行重命名，在文件名前加上 "draft" 前缀。
                    """)
            .options(ChatOptions.builder()
                    .temperature(0.1)  // 低温度以生成确定性代码
                    .build())
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.9.2 节：解释代码的提示
public void pt_code_prompting_explaining_code(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String code = """
            #!/bin/bash
            echo "Enter the folder name: "
            read folder_name
            if [ ! -d "$folder_name" ]; then
            echo "Folder does not exist."
            exit 1
            fi
            files=( "$folder_name"/* )
            for file in "${files[@]}"; do
            new_file_name="draft_$(basename "$file")"
            mv "$file" "$new_file_name"
            done
            echo "Files renamed successfully."
            """;

    String explanation = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .user(u -> u.text("""
                    请解释下面的 Bash 代码：
                    ```
                    {code}
                    ```
                    """).param("code", code))
            .call()
            .content();
}

// 实现第 2.9.3 节：代码翻译的提示
public void pt_code_prompting_translating_code(ChatClient chatClient) {
    String bashCode = """
            #!/bin/bash
            echo "Enter the folder name: "
            read folder_name
            if [ ! -d "$folder_name" ]; then
            echo "Folder does not exist."
            exit 1
            fi
            files=( "$folder_name"/* )
            for file in "${files[@]}"; do
            new_file_name="draft_$(basename "$file")"
            mv "$file" "$new_file_name"
            done
            echo "Files renamed successfully."
            """;

    String pythonCode = chatClient
            .prompt()
            .user(u -> u.text("""
                    将下面的 Bash 代码翻译为 Python 代码片段：
                    {code}
                    """).param("code", bashCode))
            .call()
            .content();
}